Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease, Which is due to hepatitis B virus (HBV). Due to which the liver develops swelling and irritation, which is called hepatitis. An epidemic has developed in Asia and Africa due to this disease. One-third of the world's population, more than two billion, have been infected with hepatitis B virus. Of these, 35 million contain the form of long-term carriers of this virus. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through the contact of infected blood or body fluid.

Signs And Symptoms

The main symptoms are- Swelling and burning in the liver, vomiting, which can eventually cause jaundice and occasionally death. Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer are eventually caused by chronic hepatitis B, Which is a deadly disease on which chemotherapy also has very little effect. The infection is preventable by vaccination. Acute infection with Hepatitis B virus is related to acute viral hepatitis-A disease that is common poor health, destruction of appetite, nausea, vomiting, body aches, light fever, deep urine And after that the development of jaundice starts with progress. It has been noted that all hepatitis Has been indicating a possible symptom of the virus types. In most affected people, the disease lasts for a few weeks and then gradually improves. Some patients may have more serious liver diseases And as a result, they can die. Long-term carriers are encouraged to quit alcohol Because it increases the risk of their cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus is associated with the development of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN).

Transmission

Hepatitis B In possible forms of transmission:-

• The transmission of hepatitis B virus occurs as a result of exposure to infected blood.
• Infected fluid.
• Direct contact with infected blood.
• Intimate contact with a person with HBV.
• Transfer from mother to baby during birth.
• Being pricked with a contaminated needle.
• Oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
• Using a razor or any other personal item with remnants of.

Prevention

Several vaccines have been developed by Maurice Hillman to prevent infection of Hepatitis B virus. They believe in one use of viral envelope protein (HBsAg). Vaccine basically: Long-term hepatitis B virus is made from plasma obtained from infected patients. However, at present, it is made using a synthetic ribbon DNA technique.

Hepatitis B usually does not spread through food and water. Instead, it spreads through the transmission of body fluids, Therefore, it is prevented by avoidance of this type of transmission: infected fluid, direct contact with infected blood, intimate contact with a person with HBV, transfer from mother to baby during birth, being pricked with a contaminated needle, oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Babies can be vaccinated at birth.

Hepatitis B Test (HBV)

With the help of the hepatitis B virus test (HBV), a substance is discovered in the blood, Which states that the hepatitis infection is still active or had it before. Some different types of signals are seen with the help of the test, Also called Marker.

• Antigens:- It is a marker made by bacteria or viruses. Hence the presence of HBV antigens in the body indicates the presence of the virus.
• Antibodies:- It is a type of protein, It is made by the body to fight the virus. Getting the presence of HBV antibodies indicates that you have come in contact with hepatitis or have come before.
• DNA:- Getting genetic material of the hepatitis virus indicates that the virus is present in the body. The amount of DNA is determined by how severe the infection is and how easily it can spread in the body.

Some Common Tests For Hepatitis B Can Be:

• Hepatitis B surface antigen:- This antigen is the first indication of hepatitis infection. This symptom is present in the body before it starts.
• Hepatitis B surface antibody:- The presence of antibodies in the body means that the infection is at the end of its active phase And now you are not infectious.
• Hepatitis B e-antigen:- This antigen is present only during an active hepatitis B infection.
• Hepatitis B DNA testing:- Higher levels of this DNA mean that the virus is growing in your body qualitatively And you are very infectious.

Hepatitis B Treatment

Treatment of acute hepatitis B infection is usually not required Because most adults spontaneously free the infection. Early antiviral treatment may be needed for patients less than 1%, Whose transfusions develop a very aggressive course (Fulminant hepatitis) Or immunocompromised. On the other hand, treatment of chronic infection may be necessary to reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer.

However in available medicines, One cannot eliminate the infection, These viruses can stop the replication And liver may reduce the damage. Currently, seven medications of hepatitis B infection are licensed in the United States. Treatment reduces viral replication in the liver, Thereby reducing viral load (Volume measurement of virus particles in the blood).

Babies born immediately from the mothers of Hepatitis B can be treated with antibodies from hepatitis B virus (HBIg). The vaccine is given within twelve hours of birth, Then the risk of hepatitis acquisition decreases by 90%. This treatment allows a mother to breastfeed her baby safely.